Lalacewar Simintin Zuba Jari: Me Zai Iya Yin Kuskure, Me yasa, da Yadda Ingantattun Kafaffen Kafa Ya Hana Shi

Kowane simintin ƙarfe labari ne na daskarewar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi zuwa siffa mai ƙarfi, kuma kamar kowane labari, yana iya fita daga rubutun. Rashin ƙarfi, raguwa, haɗawa, rufewar sanyi - waɗannan kalmomi suna bayyana akan rahotannin tushe da kuma a cikin tattaunawar RFQ, kuma suna ɗaukar farashi na gaske lokacin da suka bayyana a sassan ku. Wannan labarin jagora ne a cikin harshe bayyananne ga lahani waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a cikin simintin saka hannun jari: menene ke haifar da kowane ɗayan, yadda ake gano su, kuma - mafi mahimmanci - abin da ingantaccen tushe ke yi don hana su isa gare ku.

Na farko, Bishara

Yin simintin saka hannun jari shine tsari mafi jurewa da lahani don hadadden lissafi saboda yana sarrafa tafiyar karfe fiye da madadin. Tsarin kakin zuma yana ba da madaidaicin rami, harsashin yumbu yana ba da tsattsauran tsafta, kuma kamfen ɗin na iya ciyar da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ta hanyar sarrafawa. Sakamakon haka: ƙimar lahani akan layukan silica sol da ke aiki da kyau ba su da yawa, kuma sassan da ke buƙatar matsa lamba, juriya ko tsabtace kayan kwalliya ana yin su akai-akai ta wannan hanyar. Lalacewar ba makawa ba ne - su ne gazawar tsari, kuma aikin injiniya mai kyau yana hana su.

Ƙunƙarar Ƙarfafawa: Mafi Rashin Fahimta

Yayin da ƙarfen ruwa ke kwantar da ƙarfi, yana raguwa - karafa da kusan 2-3% ta girma. Idan raguwar ba a biya ta ƙarin abinci na ƙarfe na ruwa a cikin yankin daskarewa ba, ɓangaren yana ƙarewa da ɓoyayyen ciki: raguwar porosity. Wannan ita ce lalacewar masu siye da damuwa game da mafi yawan, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili: yana cikin ciki, marar ganuwa daga waje, kuma yana iya zama daidai inda ba ku so - a ƙarƙashin murfin rufewa, a cikin babban shugaba, a cikin damuwa.

Dalilin da ya sa ya faru: ƙarfafawa yana farawa daga bangon ƙira kuma yana ci gaba a ciki. Yankuna na ƙarshe don daskarewa - mafi girman sassan, "masu zafi" - su ne na ƙarshe don karɓar ƙarfe na abinci. Idan ginin bai tsara simintin gyare-gyaren tare da isassun ciyarwa (masu tashi/masu ciyarwa) da gating ba, yankunan da ke fama da yunwa sun ja da baya.

Yadda ingantaccen tushe ya hana shi:

• Ciyarwar ƙirar ƙira - Kamfanoni na zamani suna gudanar da simintin ƙwaƙƙwaran (misali, MAGMA ko makamancin haka) akan kowane sabon sashi kafin zub da farko, yana nuna inda wuraren zafi za su kasance tare da daidaita masu ciyarwa don ramawa.
• Matsayin Riser da girman - masu ciyarwa da aka sanya su a kan sassa masu nauyi, masu girma don zama ruwa har sai simintin ya daskare, sannan a cire shi a bayan aiwatarwa.
• Chilling - sanyi na ciki yana haɓaka ƙarfi a cikin sassa masu nauyi, yana ja yankin shrinkage zuwa inda za'a iya ciyar da shi.
• Alloy-sani gating - kowane gami shrins daban-daban; an tsara tsarin gating a kowane aji

Yadda ake gano shi: Binciken X-ray (RT) da ultrasonic (UT) a kan sassan samfurin, da - don simintin gyare-gyare mai mahimmanci - sashe da etching na labarin farko don tabbatar da ingancin ciki kafin samarwa ya gudana.

Gas Porosity: Matsalar Kumfa

Iskar gas yana faruwa ne ta hanyar iskar gas da ke makale a cikin karfe - narkar da iskar gas (musamman hydrogen a cikin karafa), iskar gas, ko iskar da ke makale yayin zubowa. Yayin da ƙarfe ya daskare, narkar da iskar gas yana fitowa daga mafita kuma yana samar da kumfa mai siffar zobe. Sabanin ragged, ɓangarorin kusurwa na raguwa, raƙuman gas suna zagaye kuma sau da yawa ana rarraba su ta hanyar sashin.

Dalilin da ya sa yake faruwa: kayan cajin jika ko ƙazanta, yanayin zafi mai yawa, daskararrun harsashi ko ainihin kayan, ƙarancin huɗawar ƙura, ko zubar da hayaniya wanda ke tsotsar iska a cikin rafi.

Yadda ingantaccen tushe ya hana shi:

• Tsaftace, busassun kayan caji da aikin narkewar sarrafawa (deoxidation don karafa)
• Harba harsashi wanda ke cire duk danshi daga yumbu kafin zuba
• Sarrafa zubewa - kwararar laminar, daidaitaccen zafin jiki, da saurin zuƙowa daidai da harsashi
• Zane-zanen iska - don haka iskar da aka kora a cikin rami ta kubuta maimakon a kama ta

Yadda ake gano shi: Binciken X-ray; Porosity na saman gas na iya nunawa a matsayin ƙananan ramuka bayan fashewa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kyakkyawan tushe yana bincika labaran farko da iya aiki, ba kawai sassan ƙarshe ba.

Abubuwan da aka haɗa: Jikunan Waje a cikin Karfe

Abubuwan da aka haɗa su ne barbashi marasa ƙarfe - slag, refractory, mold material, oxides - kama a cikin simintin gyaran kafa. Su ne lahani wanda galibi ke haifar da gazawar "leak" akan sassan matsi da abubuwan ban mamaki lokacin da mai yankan ya bugi ƙwayar yumbu mai wuya.

Dalilin da ya sa yake faruwa: narke mai datti (slag ɗin da aka ɗauka daga tanderu), abubuwan da aka lalatar da harsashi suna faɗowa a cikin rami, ko kuma fina-finai na oxide da aka kafa yayin zubar da ruwa.

Yadda ingantaccen tushe ya hana shi:

• Slag Control - zanen ladle, kashewa kafin zubawa, da kuma zubar da tsarin da ke damun slag kafin ya isa cikin rami (gating tare da masu tacewa - ceramic foam filters are standard on quality Lines)
• Mutuncin Shell - ƙarfi, daɗaɗɗen harsashi waɗanda ba sa fashe; sarrafa tsomawa da harbe-harbe
• Tsaftace aikin zubewa - sarrafa zafin jiki, ƙaramar tashin hankali, da kuma tacewa a wurare masu mahimmanci
• Tace kumfa yumbu a cikin tsarin gating suna kama abubuwan da aka haɗa kafin su shiga simintin - kariya mafi inganci guda ɗaya.

Yadda ake gano shi: X-ray don haɗaɗɗun ciki, ƙwayar maganadisu (MT) don waɗanda ke kusa da sama, da duban gani na saman injina.

Ƙunƙarar sanyi da ɓarna: Matsalolin kwarara

Ana rufe sanyi lokacin da koguna biyu na karfe suka hadu amma suka kasa hadewa gaba daya - layin bayyane ko da kyar, sau da yawa a karshen sashe na bakin ciki. Misruns ba cika cika ba ne, inda ƙarfen bai kai ga wani ɓangaren ƙirar ba. Dukansu suna da alaƙa da kwarara kuma duka biyun suna nunawa galibi akan simintin bangon bakin ciki.

Dalilin da ya sa suke faruwa: karfe yana zubar da sanyi sosai, harsashi yayi sanyi sosai, sassan siraran da ke daskarewa kafin cikawa, ko rashin isassun iska wanda baya-matsi da karfe.

Yadda ginshiƙai masu inganci ke hana shi: daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki a kowane gami, ƙwanƙwasa da aka rigaya a inda ake buƙata, daidaitaccen iyawar harsashi, gating ɗin da aka ƙera don cike sassan bakin ciki da farko, da sanya iska don guje wa matsi na baya. Kwaikwayo yana nuna alamun cikawa kafin zub da farko.

Yadda ake gano shi: dubawa na gani da gwajin shiga (PT) akan wuraren da ake zargi; Ana duba sassan bangon bakin ciki a bitar ƙirar simintin gyare-gyare.

Zafafan Hawaye: Tsagewa Karkashin Damuwa

Hawaye masu zafi sune tsagewa waɗanda ke tasowa yayin ƙarfafawa, lokacin da simintin simintin gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi har yanzu yana da rauni kuma yana damuwa ta raguwa - yawanci a jujjuyawar sashe, sasanninta masu kaifi, ko inda harsashi ke tsayayya.

Dalilin da ya sa suke faruwa: kusurwa mai kaifi yana mayar da hankali ga damuwa; harsashi wanda ya fi karfi ko kuma mai tsauri yana riƙe da simintin a kan raguwar nasa; alloy mai zafi-gajere (rauni a babban zafin jiki) yana hawaye cikin sauƙi.

Yadda ingantaccen tushe ya hana shi: fillet mai karimci maimakon sasanninta masu kaifi (ka'idar ƙira da muke amfani da ita a bita na zane), kayan harsashi da aka ƙera don rushewa kaɗan yayin sanyaya, da zaɓin gami waɗanda ke daidaita ƙarfin zafi. Kwaikwayo yana annabta haɗarin hawaye kuma ginin yana daidaita tsari da harsashi daidai.

Tsarin Rigakafin Kariya na Foundry

Rigakafin ba sa'a ba ne - tsari ne, kuma shine babban bambanci guda ɗaya tsakanin mai simintin simintin da abokin tarayya. Tsarin da ke aiki yana da yadudduka huɗu:

1. Kwaikwayo- Injiniya na farko. Ƙarfafawa da cika simulation akan kowane sabon sashi kafin a yanke kayan aiki. Wannan ita ce rigakafin mafi arha mafi arha da ke akwai - matsalar da aka kama a cikin simintin yana kashe awa ɗaya; Matsalar iri ɗaya a cikin samarwa tana kashe batir ɗin da aka rasa.
2. Rushewar labarin farko da NDE. Simintin gyare-gyare na farko ana yin X-rayed, sashe, da nazarin ƙarfe. Wannan shine inda aka tabbatar da sauti na ciki - kafin a fitar da kayan aiki don jerin gudana.
3. Kula da tsarin ƙididdiga a cikin samarwa. Ma'aunin da ke fitar da lahani - yawan zafin jiki, ingancin harsashi, narke sunadarai - ana auna su kuma ana sarrafa su zuwa iyaka, ba kawai "an duba ba."
4. Ƙofofin dubawa a cikin tsari. RT/UT akan sassan samfura a mitoci da aka ayyana, MT/PT akan filaye masu mahimmanci, da ƙididdigar girman CMM - don haka ana kama tuƙi cikin sa'o'i, ba bayan jigilar kaya ba.

A Ningbo Ruican, wannan shine ainihin tsarin da takaddun shaida na IATF 16949 ke buƙata kuma shekaru 17+ na gogewar simintin gyare-gyaren mu ya inganta. Lokacin da zanen abokin ciniki yana da lissafi mai haɗari - babban shugaba kusa da bangon bakin ciki, kusurwar ciki mai kaifi, gwajin matsa lamba - ƙungiyar injiniyoyinmu suna tuta shi a zance, ba bayan mummunan tsari na farko ba.

Abin Da Ya Kamata Masu Saye Su tambayi Kafansu

Amsar majiya ga waɗannan tambayoyin tana gaya muku fiye da kowace ƙasida:

1. "Shin kuna gudanar da simintin gyare-gyare akan kowane sabon sashi?" - Idan amsar ita ce "don hadaddun sassa kawai," tambayi wane sassa aka tsallake kuma me yasa.
2. "Mene ne shirin tabbatarwa a labarin farko?" - Shin suna X-ray da labarin farko, ko kawai duba girman?
3. "A ina kuke sanya tacewa a cikin gate din ku?" - Tacewar yumbu a kan ingantattun layukan daidai suke; "bama amfani da su" alama ce ta gargaɗi.
4. "Mene ne ƙimar ku mai alaƙa da lahani akan sassa iri ɗaya?" - Lamba na gaske, ko da ba sifili ba, shine amsar da kuke so.
5. "Me kuka canza bayan aukuwar lahani na ƙarshe?" - Ci gaba da al'adun ingantawa yana nunawa a cikin ainihin amsoshin.

Layin Kasa

Rashin lahani ba abu ne mai ban mamaki ba. Kowane ɗayan su - raguwa, ƙarancin iskar gas, haɗawa, rufewar sanyi, hawaye mai zafi - yana da dalili a cikin sarrafa tsari, kuma kowane ɗayan injiniyan na iya hana shi. Kamfanonin da ke hana lahani akai-akai su ne waɗanda ke da ikon kwaikwayo, horo na tabbatar da labarin farko, SPC a cikin samarwa, da ingantaccen tsarin da ke sa rigakafin ya zama dole maimakon na zaɓi.

Ningbo Ruican ƙera zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa a carbon karfe, gami karfe, bakin karfe da ductile baƙin ƙarfe, tare da a-gidan CNC machining, NDE damar, da kuma IATF 16949 bokan ingancin management. Idan kana da wani yanki inda sautin ciki ke da mahimmanci - jikin bawul, injin famfo, shingen tsari - aiko mana da zane kuma bari mu nuna maka tsarin rigakafin mu a aikace.

Tattauna haɗarin lahani na ɓangaren ku tare da ƙungiyar injiniyarmu a www.kstcasting.com.